
Genuine BMW
Genuine BMW G87 M2 CS M Performance Titanium Exhaust System
BACKORDER - AVAILABLE
Tailpipe Option
Pay later options
Spread the cost of your order. Choose your provider at checkout — nothing to set up here.
KLARNA FINANCE
Part 1: How it works
Shop now. Pay later with Klarna.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
Step 1: Add products to your cart and select “Klarna” when you check out
Step 2: Enter a few personal details and you’ll know instantly if you’re approved
Step 3: Klarna will send you an email confirmation and reminders when it’s time to pay and you can manage your orders and payments in the Klarna app.
Part 2: Payments information
Pay in 30 days
Make your purchase today so you can try before you buy. Only pay for what you keep. Pay up to 30 days later. No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
Paying after delivery allows you to try before you buy and is the easiest way to shop online.
- Complete the payment in full after purchase at no added cost.
- Report returns directly in our app and only pay for the items that you keep.
- Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay Later Terms and Conditions
Pay in 3 interest-free instalments
Spread the cost of your purchase into 3 interest-free instalments. The first payment is made at point of purchase, with remaining instalments scheduled automatically every 30 days. No interest or fees. Select the Klarna option and enter your debit or credit card information. To check your eligibility, Klarna will perform a soft search with a credit reference agency. This will not affect your credit score.
No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
- A new way to pay that's an alternative to a credit card.
- 3 instalments gives you flexibility to shop without interest or hidden fees. - Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort.
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay in 3 Terms and Conditions
Part 3: About Klarna
Pay online or in the app
Review your latest purchases and make payments in the Klarna app or online.
● Download the Klarna app: https://www.klarna.com/app
● Log in online: https://app.klarna.com/login
● Chat with customer service: https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/
Safe and secure
With Klarna, you are always covered through Klarna’s Buyer Protection policy. Modern safeguards protect your information to prevent unauthorized purchases.Frequently asked questions
Visit our FAQ (https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/) page to find out more about using Klarna.About Klarna
At Klarna, we have a relentless focus on creating the best shopping experience in the world. We believe payments are so much more than just a way to send money. That’s why our smooth checkout options give you more time and control so you can focus on the things you love.● More than 90 million shoppers are using Klarna.
● 200,000 retailers are working with us worldwide.
● We’re one Europe’s largest banks and we’ve been powering online checkouts for over 15 years.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
R44 Performance Ltd. is not a lender and acts only as an introducer. The credit product is provided by Klarna Bank AB (publ). Credit is only available to permanent UK residents aged 18 and over, depending on their status. Terms and conditions apply. Please note that Pay in 30 days and Pay in 3 instalments are not regulated by the FCA.
Choose options
BACKORDER - AVAILABLE
Tailpipe Option
Pay later options
Spread the cost of your order. Choose your provider at checkout — nothing to set up here.
KLARNA FINANCE
Part 1: How it works
Shop now. Pay later with Klarna.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
Step 1: Add products to your cart and select “Klarna” when you check out
Step 2: Enter a few personal details and you’ll know instantly if you’re approved
Step 3: Klarna will send you an email confirmation and reminders when it’s time to pay and you can manage your orders and payments in the Klarna app.
Part 2: Payments information
Pay in 30 days
Make your purchase today so you can try before you buy. Only pay for what you keep. Pay up to 30 days later. No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
Paying after delivery allows you to try before you buy and is the easiest way to shop online.
- Complete the payment in full after purchase at no added cost.
- Report returns directly in our app and only pay for the items that you keep.
- Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay Later Terms and Conditions
Pay in 3 interest-free instalments
Spread the cost of your purchase into 3 interest-free instalments. The first payment is made at point of purchase, with remaining instalments scheduled automatically every 30 days. No interest or fees. Select the Klarna option and enter your debit or credit card information. To check your eligibility, Klarna will perform a soft search with a credit reference agency. This will not affect your credit score.
No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
- A new way to pay that's an alternative to a credit card.
- 3 instalments gives you flexibility to shop without interest or hidden fees. - Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort.
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay in 3 Terms and Conditions
Part 3: About Klarna
Pay online or in the app
Review your latest purchases and make payments in the Klarna app or online.
● Download the Klarna app: https://www.klarna.com/app
● Log in online: https://app.klarna.com/login
● Chat with customer service: https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/
Safe and secure
With Klarna, you are always covered through Klarna’s Buyer Protection policy. Modern safeguards protect your information to prevent unauthorized purchases.Frequently asked questions
Visit our FAQ (https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/) page to find out more about using Klarna.About Klarna
At Klarna, we have a relentless focus on creating the best shopping experience in the world. We believe payments are so much more than just a way to send money. That’s why our smooth checkout options give you more time and control so you can focus on the things you love.● More than 90 million shoppers are using Klarna.
● 200,000 retailers are working with us worldwide.
● We’re one Europe’s largest banks and we’ve been powering online checkouts for over 15 years.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
R44 Performance Ltd. is not a lender and acts only as an introducer. The credit product is provided by Klarna Bank AB (publ). Credit is only available to permanent UK residents aged 18 and over, depending on their status. Terms and conditions apply. Please note that Pay in 30 days and Pay in 3 instalments are not regulated by the FCA.
BACKORDER - AVAILABLE
Tailpipe Option
Pay later options
Spread the cost of your order. Choose your provider at checkout — nothing to set up here.
KLARNA FINANCE
Part 1: How it works
Shop now. Pay later with Klarna.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
Step 1: Add products to your cart and select “Klarna” when you check out
Step 2: Enter a few personal details and you’ll know instantly if you’re approved
Step 3: Klarna will send you an email confirmation and reminders when it’s time to pay and you can manage your orders and payments in the Klarna app.
Part 2: Payments information
Pay in 30 days
Make your purchase today so you can try before you buy. Only pay for what you keep. Pay up to 30 days later. No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
Paying after delivery allows you to try before you buy and is the easiest way to shop online.
- Complete the payment in full after purchase at no added cost.
- Report returns directly in our app and only pay for the items that you keep.
- Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay Later Terms and Conditions
Pay in 3 interest-free instalments
Spread the cost of your purchase into 3 interest-free instalments. The first payment is made at point of purchase, with remaining instalments scheduled automatically every 30 days. No interest or fees. Select the Klarna option and enter your debit or credit card information. To check your eligibility, Klarna will perform a soft search with a credit reference agency. This will not affect your credit score.
No interest. No fees. No impact to your credit score.
- A new way to pay that's an alternative to a credit card.
- 3 instalments gives you flexibility to shop without interest or hidden fees. - Not making your payment on time could affect your ability to use Klarna in the future.
- Debt collection agencies are used as a last resort.
You must be 18+ and a UK resident to be eligible for this credit offer. Pay in 3 Terms and Conditions
Part 3: About Klarna
Pay online or in the app
Review your latest purchases and make payments in the Klarna app or online.
● Download the Klarna app: https://www.klarna.com/app
● Log in online: https://app.klarna.com/login
● Chat with customer service: https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/
Safe and secure
With Klarna, you are always covered through Klarna’s Buyer Protection policy. Modern safeguards protect your information to prevent unauthorized purchases.Frequently asked questions
Visit our FAQ (https://www.klarna.com/uk/customer-service/) page to find out more about using Klarna.About Klarna
At Klarna, we have a relentless focus on creating the best shopping experience in the world. We believe payments are so much more than just a way to send money. That’s why our smooth checkout options give you more time and control so you can focus on the things you love.● More than 90 million shoppers are using Klarna.
● 200,000 retailers are working with us worldwide.
● We’re one Europe’s largest banks and we’ve been powering online checkouts for over 15 years.
Please spend responsibly. Borrowing more than you can afford could seriously affect your financial status. Make sure you can afford to make your monthly repayments on time.
R44 Performance Ltd. is not a lender and acts only as an introducer. The credit product is provided by Klarna Bank AB (publ). Credit is only available to permanent UK residents aged 18 and over, depending on their status. Terms and conditions apply. Please note that Pay in 30 days and Pay in 3 instalments are not regulated by the FCA.
The Genuine BMW G87 M2 CS M Performance Titanium Exhaust System is the factory-developed lightweight valved exhaust for the BMW G87 M2 CS, available as a complete replacement system for the CS or as a highly desirable retrofit upgrade for the standard G87 M2.
Originally developed specifically for the M2 CS, the system combines lightweight stainless-steel front pipes with a rear silencer manufactured entirely from titanium. BMW states that the M Performance system is over 30% lighter than the standard M2 CS exhaust, saving approximately 8kg, while delivering a more emotional interpretation of the S58 twin-turbocharged straight-six exhaust note.
For M2 CS owners, this package provides the Genuine BMW replacement system and associated components required when replacing the original M Performance titanium exhaust.
For standard G87 M2 owners, the same system can be retrofitted to bring one of the M2 CS's most desirable Genuine BMW components to the regular car. This is expected to be one of the most popular applications for the system, particularly for owners building their G87 using Genuine BMW M Performance and M2 CS parts rather than fitting a conventional aftermarket exhaust.
The system is available without tailpipes or with the flagship Genuine BMW M Performance carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes.
Key Features
- Genuine BMW M Performance titanium exhaust system
- Factory exhaust system developed for the BMW G87 M2 CS
- Direct replacement system for the G87 M2 CS
- Can be retrofitted to non-CS G87 M2 models
- Ideal Genuine BMW exhaust upgrade for the standard G87 M2
- Lightweight titanium rear silencer
- Lightweight stainless-steel front pipes
- Over 30% lighter than the standard M2 CS exhaust
- Approximately 8kg weight saving
- Active valved exhaust design
- More emotional S58 six-cylinder twin-turbo sound
- Perforated inner pipe design
- Available with optional carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes
- Genuine BMW components and fastening hardware
- Ideal for M2 CS replacement, restoration or repair
- Genuine M2 CS retrofit upgrade for the standard G87 M2
Two Applications: M2 CS Replacement or G87 M2 Retrofit
This system has two key applications across the G87 platform.
For the BMW G87 M2 CS, this is the Genuine BMW M Performance titanium exhaust originally developed for the vehicle. It can therefore be purchased as a replacement system for an M2 CS, whether replacing damaged components, refreshing the original exhaust or completing a vehicle that requires replacement exhaust hardware.
For the standard BMW G87 M2, the M2 CS exhaust can be retrofitted as an upgrade, bringing genuine CS titanium exhaust hardware to the regular car.
For many standard M2 owners, this retrofit is likely to be the main reason for purchasing the system. Rather than fitting an aftermarket exhaust, it provides the opportunity to upgrade using Genuine BMW hardware developed for the M2 CS.
Genuine BMW M2 CS Hardware
This isn't an aftermarket exhaust designed to replicate the M2 CS system. It is the Genuine BMW M Performance titanium exhaust developed for the G87 M2 CS.
That makes it equally relevant for two different applications: an M2 CS requiring the correct Genuine BMW replacement exhaust, or a standard G87 M2 being upgraded with authentic CS hardware.
The system combines:
- Genuine BMW vehicle-specific development
- Titanium rear silencer
- Lightweight stainless-steel front pipes
- Active exhaust valve functionality
- Perforated internal pipework
- Reduced weight
- More distinctive S58 exhaust character
- Optional Genuine BMW carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes
For owners who want to retain Genuine BMW components, it provides a factory-developed alternative to a conventional aftermarket exhaust system.
Over 30% Lighter Than the Standard M2 CS Exhaust
One of the biggest advantages of the M Performance system is its construction and resulting weight reduction.
BMW states that the silencer system is over 30% lighter than the standard component, representing a saving of approximately 8kg.
The system uses a carefully selected combination of materials:
Front Pipes: Lightweight stainless steel
Rear Silencer: Titanium
Rather than simply using titanium for visible cosmetic components, BMW manufactures the complete rear silencer from the lightweight material.
Titanium offers an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and is ideally suited to the high temperatures experienced within a performance exhaust system. For the M2 CS, where reducing unnecessary mass is an important part of the vehicle's specification, the approximately 8kg saving makes this a meaningful upgrade.
For standard G87 M2 owners retrofitting the CS system, the titanium construction is also one of its biggest attractions.
Full Titanium Rear Silencer
At the centre of the M Performance system is BMW's titanium rear silencer.
The complete rear silencer is manufactured from titanium and paired with lightweight stainless-steel front pipes, creating a mixed-material system developed specifically around the G87 platform.
Beyond the weight reduction, the titanium construction also gives the system a particularly special appearance underneath the car and differentiates it from the conventional exhaust fitted to the standard G87 M2.
For owners building a G87 using Genuine BMW CS components, the exhaust is one of the most substantial factory hardware upgrades available.
A More Emotional S58 Sound
Both the G87 M2 and M2 CS use BMW M's S58 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged straight-six, making the CS exhaust particularly appealing as a retrofit for the standard car.
BMW developed the M Performance system to amplify the characteristic six-cylinder twin-turbo sound, producing a more emotional exhaust note than the standard system.
The internal construction incorporates perforated inner pipes, helping create the M Performance exhaust's distinctive acoustic character.
Rather than simply pursuing maximum volume, BMW designed the exhaust to retain different sound characteristics depending on the vehicle's selected operating mode.
Active Valved Exhaust System
The M Performance exhaust uses an active valved configuration, allowing the exhaust character to vary depending on the vehicle settings.
On its intended M2 CS application, BMW describes the different characteristics as:
Sport & Sport+
These modes provide the system's most emotional and aggressive sound profile while remaining within applicable statutory requirements.
Efficient
Efficient mode retains greater refinement for everyday driving, while BMW states that the M Performance system still delivers a sportier and more emotional sound than the standard system.
When retrofitting the system to a non-CS G87 M2, functionality can depend on vehicle specification and installation. Professional installation by a BMW specialist familiar with the G87 platform is therefore strongly recommended.
Available With or Without Carbon Fibre & Titanium Tailpipes
The Genuine BMW M2 CS Titanium Exhaust is available from R44 Performance in two configurations:
Without Tailpipes
Ideal if you already have compatible Genuine BMW M Performance tailpipe trims or intend to source them separately.
With Carbon Fibre & Titanium Tailpipes
The complete configuration includes the Genuine BMW M Performance carbon fibre and titanium tailpipe trims, providing the exhaust with its distinctive finished appearance.
The carbon and titanium combination visually complements the titanium rear silencer and gives the rear of the M2 or M2 CS a far more distinctive appearance.
M Performance Carbon Fibre & Titanium Tailpipes
The optional Genuine BMW M Performance carbon fibre and titanium tailpipe trims provide the finishing touch to the system.
Their combination of exposed carbon fibre and titanium helps distinguish the M Performance system from the standard G87 exhaust and complements other carbon fibre components fitted to the M2 and M2 CS.
Genuine BMW uses separate left and right components:
Left Carbon/Titanium Tailpipe: 18305A291B7
Right Carbon/Titanium Tailpipe: 18305A291B8
BMW advises that titanium can naturally develop yellow or blue discolouration when subjected to increasing temperatures. This heat colouring is a natural characteristic of the material and should not be mistaken for a manufacturing defect.
Genuine BMW M2 CS Exhaust Part Numbers
The M Performance installation uses Genuine BMW components developed specifically for the G87 M2 CS.
Key part numbers include:
M Performance Titanium Silencer System: 18309505068
Left Front Pipe for Titanium Rear Silencer: 18305A6A741
Right Front Pipe for Titanium Rear Silencer: 18305A6A742
Fastening Kit: 18305A23285
Left Carbon/Titanium Tailpipe Trim: 18305A291B7
Right Carbon/Titanium Tailpipe Trim: 18305A291B8
All BMW part numbers are shown without spaces for easier identification and searching.
What's Included?
Depending on the selected configuration, the package contains the components required for the M2 CS exhaust installation, including:
- Genuine BMW M Performance exhaust system
- Titanium rear silencer
- Lightweight stainless-steel front pipes
- Required clamping sleeves and/or fastening hardware
- Carbon fibre and titanium tailpipe trims when selected
Choose from:
Exhaust System Without Tailpipes
or
Exhaust System With Carbon Fibre & Titanium Tailpipes
Tailpipe trims are required to complete the installation. If purchasing the version without tailpipes, compatible trims will need to be sourced separately.
An Ideal Genuine BMW Upgrade for the Standard G87 M2
For many customers, the biggest appeal of this system will be the ability to retrofit Genuine BMW M2 CS exhaust hardware to a standard G87 M2.
Rather than moving to a completely aftermarket exhaust system, this allows owners to upgrade their car using a component developed by BMW for the M2 CS.
Reasons to retrofit the CS exhaust to a standard G87 M2 include:
- Genuine BMW M2 CS hardware
- Titanium rear silencer
- Lightweight stainless-steel front pipes
- Reduced exhaust weight
- More distinctive S58 exhaust character
- Active valved design
- Optional carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes
- Ideal addition to a wider M2 CS-inspired build
For owners who prioritise Genuine BMW components, the M2 CS exhaust offers a particularly attractive factory upgrade.
Direct Replacement for the G87 M2 CS
For G87 M2 CS owners, this system also serves as the Genuine BMW replacement for the original M Performance titanium exhaust.
This makes it suitable when replacing an original exhaust system due to damage, wear or other servicing and repair requirements.
Using Genuine BMW components retains the intended titanium construction, valve functionality, fitment and appearance of the original M2 CS system.
Customers can also specify the carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes when replacements are required or when purchasing a complete system.
Installation & Retrofit Information
BMW quotes an approximate installation time of:
1.5 hours
for installation in its intended G87 M2 CS application.
BMW's specified procedures include:
AIR 18 12 031
Installation Instructions: 01295A49D74
Installation time and requirements may differ when retrofitting the system to a non-CS G87 M2.
Professional installation by a BMW specialist familiar with the G87 platform is strongly recommended. The installer should confirm all required mounting hardware, connections and valve functionality for the individual vehicle before installation.
Where applicable, the required licensing documentation should be retained in the vehicle.
Compatibility
Direct replacement for:
- BMW G87 M2 CS
Retrofit application:
- BMW G87 M2
- BMW G87 M2 LCI
The system was originally developed by BMW for the G87 M2 CS and serves as the Genuine BMW replacement exhaust for that application.
It can also be retrofitted to non-CS G87 M2 models, making it a desirable upgrade for standard M2 owners looking to install Genuine BMW M2 CS titanium exhaust hardware.
For non-CS installations, professional installation is recommended and any additional retrofit requirements should be confirmed for the individual vehicle.
Product Specifications
Manufacturer: Genuine BMW
Range: BMW M Performance
Product: M2 CS Titanium Silencer System
Primary Part Number: 18309505068
Original Application: BMW G87 M2 CS
M2 CS Fitment: Direct replacement
Standard G87 M2 Fitment: Retrofit upgrade
Engine: S58 3.0-litre TwinPower Turbo inline-six
Rear Silencer Material: Titanium
Front Pipe Material: Lightweight stainless steel
Exhaust Type: Valved
M2 CS Weight Reduction: Over 30% versus standard component
Approximate Weight Saving: 8kg
Official M2 CS Installation Time: Approx. 1.5 hours
Specification: ECE / RoW
Tailpipe Options: Without Tailpipes / Carbon Fibre & Titanium
Why Choose the Genuine BMW M2 CS Titanium Exhaust?
Whether you're replacing the exhaust on an M2 CS or upgrading a standard G87 M2, this system gives you Genuine BMW hardware developed specifically for the CS.
For G87 M2 CS owners, it provides the correct Genuine BMW replacement solution, retaining the titanium construction, active valve functionality and factory specification of the original system.
For standard G87 M2 owners, it provides the opportunity to retrofit one of the CS's most desirable components without moving to a conventional aftermarket exhaust.
Key benefits include:
- Direct Genuine BMW replacement for the M2 CS
- Retrofit upgrade for the standard G87 M2
- Genuine M2 CS exhaust hardware
- Titanium rear silencer
- Lightweight stainless-steel front pipes
- Over 30% lighter than the standard component in its intended CS application
- Approximately 8kg weight saving
- Active valved design
- More emotional S58 exhaust character
- Optional carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes
- Genuine BMW construction
Whether replacing an existing CS exhaust or building a standard G87 with carefully selected M2 CS upgrades, the M Performance Titanium Exhaust is one of the most special Genuine BMW exhaust systems available for the platform.
Why Buy From R44 Performance?
R44 Performance specialises in BMW M Performance parts, Genuine BMW components, exhaust systems and G87 M2 upgrades, with extensive experience across the latest S58-powered BMW M platform.
When you purchase your G87 M2 CS M Performance Titanium Exhaust from R44 Performance, you'll benefit from:
- 100% Genuine BMW M Performance components
- Direct replacement solution for the G87 M2 CS
- Retrofit compatibility with the standard G87 M2
- Genuine M2 CS titanium exhaust hardware
- Available with or without carbon fibre and titanium tailpipes
- Specialist G87 M2 and M2 CS product knowledge
- Support identifying the correct components for your installation
- Extensive range of complementary G87 M2 upgrades
- Fast UK and worldwide shipping
- Secure packaging for high-value exhaust components
- Dedicated customer support before and after purchase
Whether you're replacing the original system on a BMW G87 M2 CS or retrofitting the CS titanium exhaust to a standard G87 M2, this Genuine BMW M Performance system combines lightweight titanium construction, active valve functionality, a more emotional S58 exhaust note and authentic M2 CS hardware in one complete package.
Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all products sold by R44 Performance Limited are designated RACE ONLY and are solely for competition or off-road use limited to racing formally sanctioned by a recognized racing organization. Any other use, including recreational off-road use, may violate local, state, and Federal laws. R44 Performance Limited does not implicitly or explicitly confirm the legality of using any products it sells on public roads; that is entirely the responsibility of the consumer.
It is the responsibility of the customer to check with all federal, state local and environmental laws before ordering and installing a product. R44 Performance Limited is not responsible for any fees, fines or costs that a customer may incur as a result of failing to check with federal, state, local or environmental laws before ordering and installing a product.
We get a large number of custom orders and requests everyday, so as a result it is not always possible for us to keep every item in stock at all times in our warehouse. If you require the item urgently please contact our sales team here to check the stock before you make your purchase.
We totally understand if you're not certain a part will be compatible with your car, so we highly recommend contacting us here with your query. Our friendly sales team will then be in touch to confirm if this part is the correct part you are looking for.
All in stock products ship the same day if ordered before 2pm GMT
For out of stock items we will contact you with an estimated wait time if not otherwise specified above.
We offer worldwide shipping on all products. If upon receiving your product you wish to return; we offer a 30-day returns policy. For our in-depth returns information please follow the link. "R44 Returns Policy
All of our products come with a standard warranty of 1-3 years. This is dependant on the type of product however. For more details please see our warranty page here.
PLEASE NOTE
- Orders with both in-stock and backorder or out-of-stock products will be dispatched once all products are available to ship together.
- Contact our sales team if you want your parts fitted to your vehicle at our London workshop.
- Shipping estimates are based on courier delivery times and don't include time to despatch from our warehouse.
